A British hospital was the first in the word to use 3D printing to pre-plan a complicated transplantation of an adult kidney into a small child. Doctors scanned the father?s kidney and his son?s abdomen and 3D printed both so that surgeons could find out if the transplant was even possible, and then work out the best way to insert the organ. In similar cases where surgeons are worried that transplant organs will not fit, subjects need to be be placed under anaesthesia so that a surgical exploration can be carried out to determine feasibility. But with 3D printed models of the patient, the need for surgical exploration can be reduced because pre-planning can happen before the patient is on the operating table. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2018/05/17/surgeons-use-3d-printing-check-dads-kidney-would-fit-sons-abdomen/